Maphunzirowa apangidwa kuti athetse mipata yambiri yazidziwitso zamatenda. Mwambiri, pamakhala kuchuluka kosazindikira kwa ~ 10% m'mabere biopsies. Kwa zotupa zina zomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizovuta, kuchuluka kwa misdiagnosis ndikokwera kwambiri.

Kuwunikanso kwa zamankhwala komanso zamankhwala momwe akatswiri azachipatala adafotokozera momveka bwino madera am'mabere omwe amakhalabe mavuto azidziwitso ngakhale kwa akatswiri odziwa zamatenda. Izi zikuphatikiza kugawa kwa zilonda zam'mimba, kuchuluka kwa zilonda zam'mimbamo, zotupa papillary, zotupa za fibroepithelial, zotupa zama cell, zotupa zam'mimba, kusiyanitsa pakati pazilonda zolowerera komanso za situ, komanso magawidwe oyenera amitundu yosawerengeka yazowopsa komanso yoyipa zotupa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndimagwiritsidwe ntchito kawiri kawiri ka zilonda zam'mimba zopanda zotupa, ma pathologist nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi zovuta kusiyanitsa izi pazitsanzo zazing'ono zazitsanzo.

Maphunzirowa akuyesera kuthana ndi zolakwika powunikira misampha ndi njira zothetsera vutoli pogwiritsa ntchito magawo ang'onoang'ono a H ndi E okhala ndi ma immunostain. Udindo wamayeso atsopano ophatikizira amomwemo ukambirananso ngati kuli koyenera.

Zolinga Zophunzira
- Akamaliza ntchito yophunzitsayi, ophunzira athe:
- Fufuzani njira zodziwira matenda ndi tanthauzo la kuchipatala pazinthu zosiyanasiyana zodziwika bwino komanso zosazolowereka, mu situ ndi zotupa zoyipa za m'mawere mwa mitundu yonse ya singano yoyeserera komanso zitsanzo za opaleshoni
- Fotokozani zovuta zamatenda omwe amapezeka mu matenda am'mimba ndikupanga njira zothetsera mavuto anu
- Gwiritsani ntchito zidziwitso zaposachedwa pamagwiritsidwe ndi zolephera za immunohistochemistry pothetsera zovuta zakuwunika zamatenda am'mabere